Causes of food poisoning

One of our key priorities is to protect consumers from the risks of food poisoning

Close up of campylobacter bacteria that causes food poisoning

In this section:

Food poisoning usually occurs after eating food that has been contaminated by germs. There are five main causes of food poisoning.

Causes of food poisoning

Food poisoning (sometimes referred to as a Foodborne illness) is most often caused by eating or drinking food which has become contaminated with harmful bacteria or viruses. It can also be acquired through drinking contaminated water, contact with animals (e.g. at a petting zoo) and person-to-person spread. 

Any kind of food can cause food poisoning. Most people get better within a few days, however some people may experience more severe symptoms.

We have a strategy for reducing foodborne illness in Scotland. We work closely with the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and partners such as Public Health Scotland (PHS) to target a reduction in the bacteria and viruses which cause the highest number of food poisoning cases. 

E. coli

E. coli is a type of bacteria that is commonly found in the gut of humans and other warm-blooded animals. 

E. coli and how to prevent getting it
Purple bacteria under a microscope.

Listeria

Listeria is a type of bacteria which can cause a rare, but serious illness called listeriosis. 

Understand the risks of Listeria
Microscopic image showing clusters of purple-stained cells on a pale pink background.

Salmonella

Salmonella is a type of bacteria which is commonly spread by eating contaminated food.

Salmonella symptoms and risks
3D illustration bacteria with visible flagella in an orange-tinted microscopic view.

Campylobacter

Campylobacter is the main cause of bacterial food poisoning in Scotland. 

Preventing campylobacter
Digital illustration depicting bacteria against a dark background.

Foodborne viruses

Viruses are small infectious agents which can make you ill. Follow our advice on what you can do to reduce your risk of becoming ill with norovirus, hepatitis A and hepatitis E.

The 3 main types of foodborne viruses
Illustration of virus particles against a pink background.

Norovirus

Norovirus is a highly contagious infection and the most common stomach bug in the UK.

Learn more about Norovirus
Norovirus causing food poisoning
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